![]() ![]() Moreover, focusing on specific subcomponents of callous-unemotional traits, it was found that high levels of perceiving relationships as secondary were related to the callous-lack of empathy component, while higher levels in discomfort with closeness were associated to the restricted affect component. A linear hierarchical regression approach showed that, over and above gender, age, and levels of both internalizing and externalizing problems, unique variance in callous-unemotional traits was accounted for by low confidence, high discomfort with closeness, and low preoccupation with relationships. ![]() The aim of the present study was to explore the association between attachment styles and callous-unemotional traits within a community sample of 786 high school students (41.48% females, M age = 16.90 years, SD = 1.45 years). Moreover, the ASQ refined the above-presented classic attachment styles, allowing to focus on five different attachment styles (Feeney et al., 1994 Fossati et al., 2003): "confidence" (in Self and others) refers to a secure attachment style, in which the Self is perceived as effective in social relationships, and others are perceived as responsive and trustworthy "discomfort with closeness" and "relationships as secondary" reflect aspects of insecure-avoidant attachment: the former is in line with the conceptualization proposed by Hazan and Shavers (1987), in which the distrust of relationships is linked with a perceived inability to develop closeness with others, while the latter refers to the dismissing style proposed by Bartholomew (1990), in which a hyper-accentuated self-sufficient Self denies the need of others "need for approval" and "preoccupation with relationships" tap the area of insecure-anxious attachment: the first one reflects the preoccupied attachment style proposed by Bartholomew (1990), in which an exacerbated need for acceptance and confirmation from others goes along with self-devaluation and the perception of not being worthy of esteem and love on the part of others, while the second one is in line with the proposal by Hazan and Shaver (1987), according to which the approach to relationships with others is defined by both the desire for intimacy and the fear of abandonment based on the perception that others are unresponsive or inconsistent.Īlthough several evidences suggested the importance to consider the quality of relationships with others as a key element for the understanding of callous-unemotional traits in youths, to date few studies investigated the specific role of youths’ attachment. Questionnaire, ASQ by Feeney et al., 1994) that contains items referring in a general way to "other people".
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